Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a common condition where stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus, causing discomfort. If you’ve been dealing with persistent heartburn or an acidic taste in your mouth, here’s a simple guide to understanding GERD, its causes, symptoms, and treatments.
What is GERD?
GERD happens when the muscle at the bottom of your oesophagus, called the lower oesophagal sphincter (LES), doesn’t close properly. This allows stomach acid to leak into the oesophagus, leading to irritation and discomfort.
What Causes GERD?
Several factors can contribute to GERD, including:
- Weak LES: When this muscle doesn’t work correctly, acid can escape.
- Hiatal Hernia: A condition where part of your stomach pushes through the diaphragm.
- Obesity: Extra weight can press on your stomach, pushing acid up.
- Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and a growing uterus can trigger symptoms.
- Certain Foods and Drinks: Spicy foods, caffeine, chocolate, and alcohol can worsen GERD.
Common Symptoms of GERD
Watch out for these signs:
- Heartburn: A burning feeling in your chest or throat, especially after eating.
- Regurgitation: A sour taste in your mouth when stomach acid comes up.
- Chest Pain: Discomfort in the chest, sometimes mistaken for heart issues.
- Difficulty Swallowing: Feeling like food is stuck in your throat.
- Chronic Cough: A persistent cough that might be worse at night.
- Sore Throat: Irritation or pain from acid affecting your throat.
How is GERD Diagnosed?
Your doctor might use:
- Medical History: Discussing your symptoms and eating habits.
- Endoscopy: A thin tube with a camera checks your oesophagus.
- pH Monitoring: Measures how much acid is in your oesophagus.
- Barium Swallow Test: X-rays show how food moves through your oesophagus.
Treating GERD
Managing GERD often includes:
- Lifestyle Changes:
- Avoid Trigger Foods: Steer clear of spicy, fatty, and acidic foods.
- Adjust Eating Habits: Eat smaller meals and avoid late-night snacks.
- Lose Weight: Reducing excess weight can ease symptoms.
- Elevate Your Bed: Keep your head up while sleeping to reduce nighttime reflux.
- Medications:
- Antacids: Provide quick relief by neutralizing acid.
- H2-Receptor Antagonists: Reduce acid production.
- Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Block acid production more effectively.
- Surgery:
- Fundoplication: A procedure to strengthen the LES and prevent acid reflux, used for severe cases.
When to See a doctor
If you’re experiencing frequent or severe symptoms, it’s crucial to seek medical advice. Untreated GERD can lead to complications like oesophagal inflammation or ulcers. Taking this step can help you manage your condition effectively and improve your quality of life.
GERD can be uncomfortable, but with the right approach, you can manage it effectively. If you think you might have GERD or are struggling with symptoms, talk to your doctor to find the best treatment and improve your quality of life.
